The design of masonry structures and foundations by Williams Clement Clarence 1882-

Author:Williams, Clement Clarence, 1882-
Language: eng
Format: epub, pdf
Tags: Masonry, Foundations
Publisher: New York [etc.] McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc.
Published: 1922-03-25T05:00:00+00:00

I 4- 6 8 10 12 14 Values of Various Func+fons

Z 4 G 8 10 12 14 16 Values of Various FuncHons

Fig. 113.—Chart for preliminary design of gravity retaining walls.

type can be made by equating the overturning moment of the thrust of the earth and the reaction of the foundation about the point where the vertical through the center of gravity cuts the base, assuming the reaction to act through the outer third point. When the toe slab beyond the face of the wall is one third the total length of base, the section gives maximum economy, but there is very little difference in this respect for a variation between one-sixth and one-half of the total length.

The toe and heel slabs as well as the main wall are designed as cantilever beams for moment, shear and bond, and in the main wall, the element of direct compression should be combined with the moment, although in general this factor will not be large. The main wall should also be reinforced to withstand temperature changes without undue cracking.

A counterfort wall consists essentially of a reinforced concrete slab tied rigidly at the points of support to the counterforts and at the bottom to the footing. The slab instead of acting as a

cantilever from the footing, acts as a continuous slab or beam over the counterforts as supports. The slab is designed as a beam between the counterforts taking into account the increase of pressure towards the bottom. Instead of the full effect of continuity being allowed, however, a coefficient of moment of Ko or K2 is commonly used. The wall slab is commonly made

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